Indonesia Law College Association Law Journal

The Effect of Company Size and Dividend Policy on Company Value

Aziz Thaufan Firdaus — 2025-12-31

This study aims to analyze the influence of firm size and dividend policy on firm value at PT Bukit Asam Tbk during the period 2013–2023. The research uses a quantitative approach with an associative method. The data used are secondary data obtained from the company's annual financial reports published through the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and the official website of PT Bukit Asam Tbk. The independent variables in this study are firm size (measured by the natural logarithm of total assets) and dividend policy (measured by the Dividend Payout Ratio), while the dependent variable is firm value (measured by Price to Book Value). Data analysis techniques include descriptive statistical tests, classical assumption tests (normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation), as well as multiple regression analysis, t-test, and F-test. The results show that partially, firm size has no significant effect on firm value (tcount = -2.015 < 2.228 ttable; sig. 0.079 > 0.05). Similarly, dividend policy has no significant effect on firm value (tcount = 0.486 < 2.228 ttable; sig. 0.640 > 0.05). Simultaneously, firm size and dividend policy also have no significant effect on firm value (Fcount = 3.078 < 5.12 Ftable; sig. 0.102 > 0.05). With an Adjusted R Square value of 0.294, it indicates that the independent variables only explain 29.4% of the variation in firm value, while the remaining 70.6% is influenced by other factors outside the model.

Reformulation of Criminal Sanctions for Perpetrators of Domestic Violence in the Modern Era

Sitti Aisyah — 2025-12-31

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of punishment for perpetrators of domestic violence (DV) based on Law Number 23 of 2004 concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence. Furthermore, this study aims to develop a concept for reformulating sanctions that better align with the legal demands of today's society. The method used in this study is a normative legal method with an approach encompassing legislation, concepts, and comparisons. The data used were obtained through a literature review covering primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, and analyzed using descriptive qualitative analysis to identify deficiencies in the legal substance and patterns of sanction application in court practice. The results of the analysis indicate that criminal penalties in the DV Law still focus on a retributive perspective and do not include restorative and rehabilitative values. As a result, these sanctions are ineffective in creating a deterrent effect or in preventing recurrence of violence. The findings of this study emphasize the need to develop criminal sanctions that integrate a restorative justice approach. This approach will emphasize the moral responsibility of the perpetrator, recovery for the victim, and strengthening the family as a social unit. This reformulation is expected to produce a more humane criminal law system, capable of adapting to developments over time, and focused on substantial justice.

Provision of Legal Aid as Part of Public Services

Helmi — 2025-12-31

This study aims to analyze the implementation of legal aid provision as a fundamental component of public services in Indonesia. Legal aid is a constitutional right and a manifestation of access to justice, particularly for the poor or disadvantaged groups who face barriers in the legal system. This study employs a normative legal research method with an analytical approach. Data sources consist of primary and secondary materials, collected through document and literature studies, and analyzed qualitatively with a descriptive presentation. The results indicate that legal aid is a legal service provided by advocates or legal aid institutions free of charge to recipients who meet certain criteria of financial inability. As a public service, the provision of legal aid is an effort by the state, through the Ministry of Law and Human Rights, to fulfill the basic rights and civil rights of citizens to obtain equality before the law. The study concludes that legal aid services must be people-oriented and integrated into the public service system to maintain public trust in the justice system, especially in remote areas. To enhance quality, the government must implement service improvements, open channels for public criticism, and ensure the effective allocation of budgets sourced from the State or Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budgets (APBN/APBD).